Age-Standardization of Death Rates: Implementation of the Year 2000 Standard. Hyattsville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics 2001. Age adjustment using the 2000 projected US population. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2002. 12 Lethbridge-Çejku M, Schiller JS, Bernadel L.National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Laboratory Procedures Manual. 11 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999–2004). 10 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System: turning information into action. 9 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Public health surveillance for behavioral risk factors in a changing environment: recommendations from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Team. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office 2000. 7 US Department of Health and Human Services.Washington, DC: National Academies Press 2003. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. 5 US Department of Health and Human Services.Why did black life expectancy decline from 1984 through 1989 in the United States? Am J Public Health. 4 Kochanek KD, Maurer JD, Rosenberg HM.Shades of difference: theoretical underpinnings of the medical controversy on black/white differences in the United States, 1830–1870. History of black mortality and health before 1940. Addressing health disparities: the NIH program of action. The data presented here can be invaluable for policy development and in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of interventions designed to eliminate health disparities. CVD mortality at all ages tended to be highest in blacks.Ĭonclusions- Disparities in CVD and related risk factors remain pervasive. Life expectancy remains higher in women than men and higher in whites than blacks by ≈5 years. Hospitalizations for congestive heart failure and stroke were highest in the southeastern United States. Among Medicare enrollees, congestive heart failure hospitalization was higher in blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives than among whites, and stroke hospitalization was highest in blacks. Hospitalization was greater in men for total heart disease and acute myocardial infarction but greater in women for congestive heart failure and stroke. Ischemic heart disease and stroke were inversely related to education, income, and poverty status. Hypercholesterolemia was high among white and Mexican American men and white women in both groups of educational status. Hypertension prevalence was high among blacks (39.8%) regardless of sex or educational status. Black women with or without a high school education had a high prevalence of obesity (47.3%). In men, the highest prevalence of obesity (29.2%) was found in Mexican Americans who had completed a high school education. Disparities were common in all risk factors examined. Methods and Results- Using national surveys, we determined CVD and risk factor prevalence and indexes of morbidity, mortality, and overall quality of life in adults ≥18 years of age by race/ethnicity, sex, education level, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. Accordingly, we assessed the current magnitude of disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors in the United States. Having timely access to current data on disparities is important for policy and program development. Customer Service and Ordering Informationīackground- Reducing health disparities remains a major public health challenge in the United States.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).Lgea Primary School New Kullo General Information.
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